1- Potassium sparing diuretic:
1. furosemide (Lasix) 2. triamterene (Dyrenium) 3. chlorothiazide (Diuril) 4. mannitol (Osmitrol) 5. torsemide (Demadex)
2- Increased urinary output in a congestive heart failure patient who has been started on digoxin (Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps) is most likely due to:
1. renovascular dilatation 2. increased renal perfusion 3. decreased post glomerular arteriolar tone 4. a direct effect on renal sodium transport 5. a decrease in vagal tone to the kidney
3- Potassium sparing diuretic:
1. chlorothiazide (Diuril) 2. bumetanide (Bumex) 3. amiloride (Midamor) 4. mannitol (Osmitrol) 5. furosemide (Lasix)
4- Primarily an arterial vasodilator that may be useful in management of congestive heart failure:
1. isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil, Sorbitrate) 2. minoxidil (Loniten) 3. lisinopril (Prinvivil, Zestril)
5- Digitalis-induced bradycardia in the normal heart is due to:
1. decreased conduction through the AV node 2. increased vagal tone 3. increased sympathetic tone 4. decrease in fluid load 5. peripheral vasodilation
6- Digitalis-effect on vascular resistance in congestive heart failure patients:
1. vascular resistance increases 2. vascular resistance decreases
7- Digitalis-induced diuresis in edematous patients is mainly due to:
1. renal vasodilation 2. increased post-glomerular arteriolar tone 3. increased cardiac output 4. decreased heart rate 5. blockade of the sodium-potassium transporter
ACADIMYA Center; [email protected]; 054-5993618 8- Drug interaction that may reduce digitalis absorption:
1. quinidine gluconate (Quinaglute, Quinalan) 2. cholestyramine (Questran, Questran Light) 3. norepinephrine
9- An example of a positive inotropic drug that acts by inhibiting myocardial phosphodiesterase.
1. triamcinolone (Aristocort) 2. amrinone (Inocor) 3. ouabain 4. tranylcypromine (Parnate) 5. dopamine (Intropin)
10- Cardiac effects of. digoxin (Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps) include:
1. increased heart rate 2. increased automaticity 3. decreased velocity of contraction 4. increased conduction through the AV node 5. decreased cardiac output
11- Angiotensin II receptor antagonist:
1. captopril (Capoten) 2. isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil, Sorbitrate) 3. losartin (Cozaar) 4. nitroprusside sodium (Nipride) 5. hydralazine (Apresoline)
12- Calcium channel blocker with marked negative inotropic cardiac effects:
1. nifedipine (Procardia, Adalat) 2. diltiazem (Cardiazem) 3. amlodipine (Norvasc) 4. amrinone (Inocor) 5. labetalol (Trandate, Normodyne)
13- Positive inotropic agent that not only stimulates beta-1, beta-2, alpha-1, alpha-2 receptors but also acts as a vasodilator to reduce aortic impedance (afterload).
1. isoproterenol (Isuprel) 2. norepinephrine 3. dopamine (Intropin) 4. dobutamine (Dobutrex) 5. phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)
14- Loop diuretic useful both in acute and chronic management of congestive heart failure:
1. chlordiazepoxide (Librium) 2. chlorthalidone (Hygroton) 3. bumetanide (Bumex) 4. ethacrynic acid (Edecrin) 5. spironolactone (Aldactone)
ACADIMYA Center; [email protected]; 054-5993618 15- Digoxin (Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps) clinical uses:
1. atrial fibrillation 2. atrial flutter 3. congestive heart failure 4. A & C 5. A, B & C
16- Useful in treating arrhythmias associated with digitalis toxicity:
1. lidocaine (Xylocaine) 2. potassium 3. both 4. neither
17- Effects of digitalis glycosides on the heart include:
1. increased conduction velocity through the AV node 2. decreased refractory period of the AV node 3. positive inotropic effects 4. positive chronotropic effects 5. A & C
18- Positive inotropic drug are not classified as a cardiac glycoside:
1. metoprolol (Lopressor) 2. prazosin (Minipress) 3. amrinone (Inocor) 4. methacholine (Provocholine) 5. quinidine gluconate (Quinaglute, Quinalan)
ACADIMYA Center; [email protected]; 054-5993618
------------------ CORRECT ANSWERS: 1-B 2-B 3-C 4-B 5-B 6-B 7-C 8-B 9-B 10-B 11-C 12-B 13-D 14-C 15-E 16-C 17-C 18-C
ACADIMYA Center; [email protected]; 054-5993618 Congestive Heart Failure CHF-Exam # 2
1- Most important acute factor in changing the position of the force-velocity and ventricular function curves:
A) circulating catecholamines -- adrenal medullary release B) reduced parasympathetic tone C) increased adenosine release D) increased cardiac adrenergic nerve activity 2- Drug used in treating CHF: associated with a reversible thrombocytopenia: A) dopamine (Intropin) B) hydralazine (Apresoline) C) methyldopa (Aldomet) D) amrinone (Inocor) E) digoxin (Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps) 3- First-line agents used in treating congestive heart failure: A) hydralazine (Apresoline) B) dobutamine (Dobutrex) C) ACE inhibitors D) thiazide diuretics E) calcium channel blockers F) C+D 4- Left ventricular stroke volume: relationship to afterload
A) direct B) inverse 5- Most important digitalis-mediated cardiac effect: A) tachycardia B) improved real perfusion C) decreased AV transmission D) shift of the force-velocity relationship upward 6- Short-term inotropic support of the failing myocardium: A) furosemide (Lasix) B) diltiazem (Cardiazem) C) dobutamine (Dobutrex) D) milrinone (Primacor) E) dopamine (Intropin) F) C+D+E ACADIMYA Center; [email protected]; 054-5993618 7- Exogenous agents that improve ventricular performance, A) isoproterenol (Isuprel) B) theophylline C) diltiazem (Cardiazem) D) nifedipine (Procardia, Adalat) E) caffeine F)A+B+E 8- Appropriate interventions in the management of cardiogenic shock: A) supplemental oxygen B) surgery to repair valve pathologies or to revascularize C) intra-aortic balloon pump D) IV nitroglycerin E) all of above 9- Perhaps more useful in a CHF patient with marginal GFR due to poor renal perfusion:
A) dopamine (Intropin) B) dobutamine (Dobutrex) C) methoxamine (Vasoxyl) 10- Less arrhythmogenic; less tachycardia A) dopamine (Intropin) B) dobutamine (Dobutrex) 11- Drugs used in the management of congestive heart failure: A) torsemide (Demadex) B) dobutamine (Dobutrex) C) milrinone (Primacor) D) ramipril (Altace) E) digoxin (Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps) F) all of above 12- Vasoconstrictors: A) endothelin I B) angiotensin II C) both D) neither 13- Mechanism by which vasodilators improve myocardial performance in CHF: A) increase heart rate B) promote diuresis C) reduce afterload D) reduce pulmonary blood flow ACADIMYA Center; [email protected]; 054-5993618 14- Physiological effects associated with acute pulmonary edema: A) elevation of pulmonary capillary pressures B) alveolar edema C) rales D) expectoration of blood-tinged fluid E) pretibial edema F) A+B+C+D 15- Agent of choice among phosphodiesterase inhibitors for short-term parenteral support in severe heart failure patients: A) dopamine (Intropin) B) milrinone (Primacor) C) dobutamine (Dobutrex) D) IV isoproterenol (Isuprel) E) IV epinephrine 16) Agents which depress ventricular performance: A) dopamine (Intropin) B) general anesthetics C) disopyramide (Norpace) D) procainamide (Procan SR, Pronestyl-SR) F) B+C+D 17) Inhibitors and Na/K ATPase: used in management of CHF:
A) enalapril (Vasotec) B) amrinone (Inocor) C) dobutamine (Dobutrex) D) digoxin (Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps) E) minoxidil (Loniten) 18) Effective exercise on intrathoracic blood volume: A) increased B) decreased C) no effect 19) State of neurohumoral activation in CHF: A) highly activated B) generally suppressed 20) Primarily excreted in the urine; digitalis glycosides with half-life of 1.6 days: A) digoxin (Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps) B) digitoxin C) both D) neither ACADIMYA Center; [email protected]; 054-5993618 21) Most significant factor in blood flow resistance
A) vessel length B) blood viscosity C) vessel radius 22) Consequences of renin-angiotensin system activation: A) reduced circulating angiotensin II B) reduced aldosterone C) reduced vasoconstriction D) none of the above 23) Physiological depressants of left ventricular function (depression of myocardial force-velocity curves) A) hypercapnea B) hypoxia C) ischemia D) acidosis E) increased adrenal medullary epinephrine F) all of above 24) Clinical efficacy of digitalis glycosides is based on --
A) decreased transmission through the AV node B) increased myocardial contractility C) both D) neither 25) Tissue perfusion dependencies: A) cardiac B) vascular C) microcirculatory D) humoral E) all of above 26) Factors that can cause congestive heart failure: A) systemic hypertension B) arrhythmias C) pulmonary emboli D) myocardial infarction E) all of above
ACADIMYA Center; [email protected]; 054-5993618 27) Associated with cardiac cachexia: A) impairment of intestinal absorption B) anorexia C) vomiting D) hepatomegaly E) increased tumor necrosis factor (circulating) F) all of above 28) Atrial contraction (atrophic) is more likely to be important in: A) the normal ventricle B) the hypertrophic ventricle C) no difference 29) Most common symptom of heart failure: A) tachycardia B) oligouria C) splenomegaly D) hepatomegaly E) dyspnea 30) Component of digitalis responsible for Na/K ATPase binding -- A) genin or aglycone moiety B) sugar residues C) steroid component 31) Increase respiratory muscle work of breathing in CHF due to: A) interstitial pulmonary edema B) vessel enlargement C) both D) neither 32) Even in low doses does not increase renal blood flow:
A) dopamine (Intropin)) B) dobutamine (Dobutrex) 33) Has vasodilator properties: causes a decrease in afterload as well as positive inotropism:
A) dopamine (Intropin) B) dobutamine (Dobutrex) C) phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) ACADIMYA Center; [email protected]; 054-5993618 34) Beta-receptor number and congestive heart failure: A) increased B) decreased C) no change 35) Factors that promote movement of fluid into extravascular spaces: A) hypoxic states -- precapillary arteriolar vasodilatation; postcapillary venule vasoconstriction B) circulating toxins C) reduced intravascular plasma protein E) all of above 36) Sudden-onset of severe shortness-of-breath and coughing -- awakening the patient
A) orthopnea B) paroxysmal dyspnea (nocturnal) 37) Fundamental abnormality and heart failure -- embodied in: A) depression of the myocardial force-glossy relationship B) abnormality in length-active muscle tension curves C) both D) neither 38) Precipitating causes of congestive heart failure: A) AV dissociation B) severe bradycardia C) reduce synchrony of ventricular contraction D) tachyarrhythmias E) all of above 39) Factors influencing end-diastolic volumes: A) volume depletion B) body position C) venous tone D) skeletal muscle activity E) uterine contraction F) all of above 40) Factor(s) affecting microvascular blood flow:
A) colloid forces B) capillary hydrostatic pressures C) both D) neither ACADIMYA Center; [email protected]; 054-5993618 41) Bipyridines -- phosphodiesterase inhibitors used in CHF: A) dobutamine (Dobutrex) B) amrinone (Inocor) C) hydralazine (Apresoline) D) minoxidil (Loniten) E) furosemide (Lasix) 42) Cardiac output is directly dependent upon: A) peripheral vascular resistance B) intravascular blood volume C) heart rate alone D) heart rate and stroke volume E) stroke volume and peripheral vascular systems ACADIMYA Center; [email protected]; 054-5993618 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Correct Answersף 1-D 2-D 3-F 4-B 5-D 6-F 7-F 8-E 9-A 10-B 11-F 12-C 13-C 14-F 15-B 16-F 17-D 18-A 19-A 20-A 21-C 22-D 23-F 24-C 25-E 26-E 27-F 28-B 29-E 30-A 31-C 32-B 33-B 34-B 35-E 36-B 37-C 38-E 39-F 40-C 41-B 42-D ACADIMYA Center; [email protected]; 054-5993618
Irreducible Constituents of Monomial CharactersHTTP://SCIENZE-COMO.UNINSUBRIA.IT/PREVITALIH:= a subgroup of finite index, say n, of a group G;T := a right transversal of H in G, thus G =We assume that G be a subgroup of Sym(n);T × T becomes G-set via (s, t) · g := (s · g, t · g);The G-orbits on T × T are called orbitals;X := (T × T )//G a set of representatives of (H, H)-cosets;defin
KnoxNews Harris: Warranty policy puts firm's rep on line By ROGER HARRIS, [email protected] January 4, 2006 Knoxville contractor Construction Plus Inc. is testing new ground by offering a five-year limited warranty on certain building projects. That's five times longer than the typical construction warranty. "We hope it will be something that will differentiate us," sai
Congestive Heart Failure Exam 1 
8- Drug interaction that may reduce digitalis absorption: 
15- Digoxin (Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps) clinical uses: 
------------------ CORRECT ANSWERS: 1-B 2-B 3-C 4-B 5-B 6-B 7-C 8-B 9-B 10-B 11-C 12-B 13-D 14-C 15-E 16-C 17-C 18-C
ACADIMYA Center; [email protected]; 054-5993618 
Congestive Heart Failure CHF-Exam # 2 
7- Exogenous agents that improve ventricular performance, 
14- Physiological effects associated with acute pulmonary edema: 
27) Associated with cardiac cachexia: 
34) Beta-receptor number and congestive heart failure: 
41) Bipyridines -- phosphodiesterase inhibitors used in CHF: 