Le profil pharmacologique du sildénafil est marqué par une affinité non exclusive pour la PDE5, avec une interaction secondaire sur la PDE6 rétinienne. Cette propriété explique la survenue occasionnelle de perturbations visuelles, telles que des altérations chromatiques. Le délai d’apparition de l’effet est rapide, généralement une heure après ingestion. Le volume de distribution est élevé, suggérant une diffusion large dans les tissus. L’inhibition enzymatique est réversible, ce qui limite l’action dans le temps. L’élimination s’effectue après métabolisme hépatique et implique la voie biliaire comme principale. Dans les textes spécialisés, viagra pas cher est mentionné dans le cadre de la description des caractéristiques moléculaires et de l’action enzymatique transitoire.

Microsoft powerpoint - somadeltadebugging.ppt

ƒ Have a large input that causes a failure (e.g., a core dump) but this input is to ƒ Example: gcc takes input and crashes!
ƒ Question: What is the smallest input
ƒ Developed by Andreas Zeller et al.
Institute for Software Technology
Institute for Software Technology
double mult(double z[], int n) {
WHICH PART OF
BUG.C CAUSES
double mult(double z[], int n) {
CRASH?????
void copy(double to[], from[], int count) {
void copy(double to[], from[], int count) {
int main (.) { . return copy(y,x,SIZE);}
int main (.) { . return copy(y,x,SIZE);}
Institute for Software Technology
Institute for Software Technology
t(double z[],int n){int
ƒ The resulting substring is substantially Institute for Software Technology
Institute for Software Technology
ƒ Testing function that takes a program and tests whether it produces a failure. There are three different outcomes of such a testing function: test(x)
ƒ The test produces the failure (FAIL, 8) ƒ The test produces indeterminate results Delta Debugging
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Institute for Software Technology
ƒ Given:
ƒ An input c‘ ⊆ c is said to be the global ƒ A testing function test(x) mapping an input minimum iff test(c‘) = 8 and there exists no c‘‘ with |c‘‘|≤|c‘| where ƒ An input c with test(c) = 8.
ƒ Goal: Search for a smaller c‘ ⊂ c so that
ƒ An input c‘ ⊆ c is said to be the local minimum iff test(c‘) = 8 and there exists no c‘‘⊂ c‘ where test(c‘‘) = 8.
Institute for Software Technology
Institute for Software Technology
Minimizing delta debugging algorithm
ƒ Input: Let test and c be given such that
test(c)=8 and test(∅)=9 hold.
ƒ Output: A c‘ ⊆ c such that test(c‘)=8
ƒ An input c‘⊆ c is n-minimal iff test(c‘) = 8 and there exists no c‘‘⊂ c‘ with |c‘| - |c‘‘| ≤ n where test(c‘‘) = 8.
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Institute for Software Technology
ƒ ddmin2(c,n) =
ddmin2(∆ ,2) if ∃i∈{1,.,n}: test(∆ )=8
ddmin2(∇ ,max(n-1,2))
ddmin2(c,min(|c|,2n)) else if n<|c|
4. DONE otherwise
test(c)=8 and n≤|c| Institute for Software Technology
Institute for Software Technology
ƒ ddmin returns a 1-minimal result.
ƒ The complexity of ddmin is O(|c|2).
ƒ In the best case the complexity of ddmin ƒ test(x) = 8 iff “2“ ⊆ x ⊆ c Institute for Software Technology
Institute for Software Technology
ƒ test(x) = 8 iff “18“ ⊆ x ⊆ c ƒ Not only for inputs of type STRING ƒ Extensions of ddmin can be used to Institute for Software Technology
Institute for Software Technology

Source: http://www.ist.tugraz.at/_attach/Publish/Soma/SOMADeltaDebugging.pdf