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Anti-Aging Therapeutics Volume XII - Contents & Article Summaries  Anti-Aging Therapeutics
Volume XII
Contents & Article Summaries
Copyright 2010. American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine.
ISBN 978-1-934715-05-5 (print & CD-ROM)
Table of Contents
Title and Author
The A4M Twelve-Point Actionable Healthcare Plan: A Blueprint for A Low Cost, High Yield Wellness Model of Healthcare The American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine (A4M) The A4M, the world's largest professional organization dedicated to advancing research and clinical pursuits that enhance the quality, and extend the quantity, of the human lifespan, unveils an innovative, technology-based fix to healthcare with the potential to:  Increase the lifespan, or improve the healthspan, of all  Slash healthcare costs, saving $3.7 Trillion; and  Replace the disease-based approach to medicine with a Telomerase Activation: The Future of Anti-Aging Medicine William H. Andrews, Ph.D.** In the last three decades, there has been a tremendous upsurge of scientific knowledge of how and why we age. There is a clock that ticks inside every dividing cell of our bodies. This clock operates by telomere shortening. This is an inherent property of DNA replication that makes it impossible for our cells to divide indefinitely, and which research suggests is a primary cause of aging. Inside every one of our cells is a gene that produces an enzyme called telomerase. Telomerase stops the telomere clock from ticking, and can give cells the potential to divide forever. The gene for telomerase is turned off in most adult cells, but a small-molecule compound should be able to Anti-Aging Therapeutics Volume XII - Contents & Article Summaries  Low-Dose Naltrexone: A Possible Safe Effective Treatment for Autoimmune Disease and Cancer Paul J. Battle, PA-C*** Low dose naltrexone (LDN) improves the clinical state of patients with autoimmune diseases such as Crohn’s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. Another impressive property of LDN is its ability to arrest cancer cell growth. The remarkable fact is LDN can enhance the immune system for these two major disease classifications with little or no side effects. This paper will describe the science behind LDNs physiological mechanisms to reduce the effects of autoimmune disease and inhibit cancer cell growth. The author hopes to generate research interest in these mechanisms of disease modification, which enhance the body’s own immune system New Treatment Modalities to Improve Immunity and Fight Infections Eve E. Bralley, Ph.D.*; David M. Brady, N.D., D.C., C.C.N., DACBN; Richard S. Lord, Ph.D.; J. Alexander Bralley, Ph.D. The intestinal tract contains 80% of the body’s immune system. Gut microbial balance has significant effects on immune status. Analysis of gut microbial balances, resistance genes and sIgA levels allows for unique treatment strategies to be developed which enhance immune function and fight infection. These strategies use individualized combinations of pre- and probiotics, anti-microbials, and gut-healing nutrients based on the test results of the patient. Anti-Aging Therapeutics Volume XII - Contents & Article Summaries  New Research on Molecular Mechanisms and Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease Stanislaw R. Burzynski, M.D., Ph.D.* Our research indicates that amyloid precursor protein (APP) is involved not only in the pathology of AD, but also plays an important physiological role in the consolidation of memory. For this reason, therapy for AD should attempt to normalize the mechanism involved in memory processing in addition to a strategy to block formation of pathogenic proteins, and repair damage caused by them. Our study indicates that during the early phase of memory consolidation there is a possibility for formation of the following fragments of APP: spectrin-like, p47-like protein, and peptide recognition tag scotophobin (SP). We propose that the normal function of APP and its homologues is to facilitate memory processing during the initial stage until protein synthesis takes place. Ultimately, the synthesis of new proteins, rather than the formation of APP fragments, decides whether an experience is translated into long-term memory. It is proposed that the physiological function of APP is to facilitate consolidation of memory. The abnormal activity of genes in AD and resulting damage and impairment of brain function can be addressed through the use of supplements containing PG, curcumin, and piperine. These claims need to be supported through further animal research and human Modification of the NAD+/NADH Ratio Via Oxaloacetic Acid Supplementation to Mimic Calorie Restriction Metabolic Pathways and Increase Lifespan Alan B. Cash, B.S., M.S.* Diet supplementation with the human metabolite oxaloacetic acid has been found to provide some of the same benefits as a calorie restricted diet, including: increases in average and maximal lifespan, reduction in fasting glucose levels, fat reduction, and potentially a reduction in cancer incidence. The realized health benefits are due to oxaloacetic acid being able to create an increase in the NAD+/NADH ratio, a key intercellular condition found within the calorie restricted Public Health Decline in the Nineteenth Century and Its Subsequent Decline in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries Paul Clayton; Judith Rowbotham* Analysis of the mid-Victorian period in the UK reveals that life expectancy at age 5 was as good as or better than exists today, and the incidence of degenerative disease was 10% of ours. Their levels of physical activity and hence calorific intakes were approximately twice ours. They had relatively little access to alcohol and tobacco; and due to their correspondingly high intake of fruits, wholegrains, oily fish, and vegetables, they consumed levels of micro- and phyto- nutrients at approximately ten times the levels considered normal Anti-Aging Therapeutics Volume XII - Contents & Article Summaries  today. This paper relates the nutritional status of the mid-Victorians to their freedom from degenerative disease; and extrapolates recommendations for the cost-effective improvement of public health today. Adrenal Dysfunction: An Evidence-Based Review of the Causes and Consequences of Hypocortisolism Lena D. Edwards, M.D.***; Andrew H. Heyman, M.D., MHSA*** The role of the adrenal glands in the stress response and the importance of proper adrenal gland function in health maintenance have long been described. Extensive medical literature exists confirming the adverse consequences of chronic stress on normal human physiology. Yet many patients who seek medical treatment for their symptoms of chronic stress are often dismissed or misdiagnosed. Treatment is then often misdirected at symptom relief rather than on correction of the true underlying pathophysiological processes. Despite our extensive understanding of chronic stress and its effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, disagreement and speculation about the existence of adrenal fatigue or hypoadrenia as a distinct clinical entity persists. Although the literature is not as abundant, the presence of primary adrenally-mediated hypocortisolism has been cited. Integrity of the HPA axis is essential for maintaining homeostasis. Exposures to any stressors results in the stimulation of the “stress system” thereby inducing a myriad of adaptive hormonal responses designed to re-establish disrupted homeostasis and to promote survival of the organism. These adaptive reactions include such changes as a reduction in appetite and increases in thermogenesis, arousal, analgesia, blood An Integrative Approach to Treating Prostate Cancer Isaac Eliaz, M.D., M.S., L.Ac.*** This paper will outline an integrative approach to treating prostate cancer, with the emphasis being on maximum diagnosis and Toxic Heavy Metals as Causative Agents of Chronic Illnesses and Cancer: Clinically Proven Treatments and Detoxification Modalities Rita Ellithorpe, Ph.D.** The detoxification and removal of heavy metal toxins along with supplemental repair of damaged cellular membranes and enhancement of mitochondrial function are paramount considerations for medical practitioners and may lead to beneficial advances in the Anti-Aging Therapeutics Volume XII - Contents & Article Summaries  Using Customized Age Reducing Exercise (CARE) for Longevity and Active Prevention of Brain Degenerative Diseases and Other Disorders Erik Flowers, M.A.*** Customized Age Reducing Exercise (CARE) is an integrated program of cognitive exercise that retrains the brain and body systems to create a neurogenetic response. Developmental benefits of CARE include: heightened reflexes, improved balance, greater strength and self-confidence, sharper auditory perception, more developed somatosensory system, and improved visual cognition. CARE can help mitigate or reverse brain degenerative diseases, senior falling, concussive disorders, essential tremors, anxiety/mood swings, depression, lack of focus, and short-term memory loss. CARE can be of benefit to many people, including: mobile/immobile people aged 40; athletes, former athletes with a history of concussions, and professional bodybuilders; people with dementia/Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), HIV+, depression, mood disorders, and addictions. Traumatic Brain Injury – Hormonal Dysfunction Syndrome: “The Stealth Syndrome” Mark L. Gordon, M.D., FAAFP*** Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can be a condition that causes premature aging. It can result from a number of insults to both the exterior and interior aspects of the brain's encasement – the skull. Exteriorly, blunt force trauma caused by an object, an explosion, a shock wave, as well as by G-forces induced by an amusement park ride, can cause TBI. Whilst internal causes of TBI include anoxia, hemorrhagic bleeding, subarachnoid hemorrhage, x-rays, and toxins found in our air, water, and food, as well as numerous medications that can drastically influence hormonal homeostasis. This paper will consider the incidence, clinical course, diagnosis, and treatment of post TBI hormonal dysfunction syndrome – pTBI-HDS. Metabolic Syndrome: Syndrome X, Y, Z … ? Stephen Holt, M.D., LLD (Hon.) ChB., PhD, DNM, FRCP (C) MRCP (UK), FACP, FACG, FACN, FACAM, KSG** Metabolic syndrome, or “syndrome X,” as it is often called, is the variable combination of obesity, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension, linked by an underlying resistance to insulin. The aim of this paper is to show how a multifaceted approach, which includes lifestyle changes and nutritional interventions, can help to both Anti-Aging Therapeutics Volume XII - Contents & Article Summaries  Calorie Restriction Mimetics: Natural Therapeutics Stephen Holt, M.D., LLD (Hon.) ChB., PhD, DNM, FRCP (C) MRCP (UK), FACP, FACG, FACN, FACAM, KSG The only intervention that has been shown to extend average and maximal lifespan in a wide variety of living organisms is the restriction of calorie intake. It appears that the application of calorie restriction of the order of 30-50% below average free-feeding calorie intake may induce an inhibitory effect on many aspects of aging, including aging processes in non-human primates and most probably humans. The aim of this paper is to examine the biological effects of calorie restriction and to introduce the concept of calorie restriction mimetics. Stem Cell Support: The Nutraceutical Induction of Adult Stem Cell Recruitment (IASCR) Stephen Holt, M.D., LLD (Hon.) ChB., PhD, DNM, FRCP (C) MRCP (UK), FACP, FACG, FACN, FACAM, KSG Many different types of stem cells are being used in research and clinical practice throughout the world. Innovative scientists have been working on the potential use of mobilized in-situ adult stem cells (ASC), as a non-invasive form of stem cell treatment. This is the process of induction of ASC recruitment (IASCR). A decade of research has led to current proposals that endogenous or in situ ASC (most notably bone marrow stem cells) can be mobilized from their niches in the body, with the result that they may migrate to various organs and engage in tissue repair or regeneration. The objective of this article is to highlight the combinations of nutrients, botanicals, or herbals that can play a role in the mobilization of ASC and their antioxidant protection during their migration. Biology and Genetics of Aging Michael Klentze, M.D., Ph.D.*** Aging, like many other biological processes, is subject to regulation by genes that control pathways that have been conserved during evolution in order to keep the balance between apoptosis and growth. What would be the characteristics of longevity genes in humans? Such genes would function in several important ways. They might slow the rate of age-related senescent changes in cells and tissues, improve the effectiveness of repair mechanisms, and increase resistance to environmental stresses like infection and injury. Longevity genes should also affect a wide spectrum of debilitating age-related conditions. These requirements are consistent with the observation that the elderly children of centenarians have much less diabetes and ischemic heart disease, and better self-rated health, than do age-matched controls. This suggests that they have inherited a longevity gene – or more likely a set of genes – from their long-lived parent that protects against these infirmities. This paper will discuss our current understanding of the biology and genetics of aging and Anti-Aging Therapeutics Volume XII - Contents & Article Summaries  Fibromyalgia: Evidence-Based Review and Emerging Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Therapies Gordon D. Ko, M.D., CCFP, FRCPC, FABPMR, FABPM*; Leigh Arseneau BSc (Hons), ND; Mark Tsai BSc (PT), FCAMT, CAFCI; Bob Gottfried Ph.D. The aim of this paper is to provide the reader with a thorough, evidence-based review of fibromyalgia, a syndrome characterized by chronic widespread muscle pain. An 8-step approach for managing fibromyalgia will be considered, and emerging pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies will be discussed. Alternative Therapies in the Treatment of Cardiac Injury: A Case Report with Recovery Regimens for Non-Ablatable Atrial Fibrillation and Greatly Enlarged Left Atrium Hans J. Kugler, Ph.D.***; Ulrich Friedrichson, M.D., Ph.D.; Fouad Ghaly, M.D.; and Paul Ward, PED Two side-impact accidents left a 68-year-old patient with a damaged heart for which orthodox medicine had no treatment. This paper details how the multifactorial approach (MFA) –combining key essential requirements for optimum health, with an emphasis on rebuilding the muscles of the heart and the revascularization of regenerated heart muscles – enabled the patient to achieve a full recovery. 173The Viral Crisis: Natural Anti-Viral Agents Shari Lieberman, Ph.D., CNS, FACN* The viral crisis represents a major threat to public health. Viruses develop drug resistance just like bacteria, and antibiotic resistance to viruses is a worldwide problem. The need for safe, effective antiviral drugs has become paramount. The aim of this paper is to discuss the clinical application and mechanism of action of plants and plant Adult Stem Cells: Current Clinical Applications and Future Potential Treatments Dipnarine Maharaj, MBChB, M.D., FRCP (Glasg), FRCP (Edin), FRCPath, FACP** Stem cells have the potential to be one of the most effective agents against aging available to medicine. This paper will discuss some of the many medical applications of adult stem cells in medicine today. Anti-Aging Therapeutics Volume XII - Contents & Article Summaries  The Effects of Whey Zoonutrient Powder and Green Phytonutrient Powder on Pre-Hypertension and Stage 1 Hypertension John H. Maher, D.C., D.C.B.C.N., B.R.I.C.** Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of mortality in the US. Control of hypertension may be the cornerstone of heart disease prevention. Recently, some authorities have suggested aggressive pharmaceutical approaches even for prehypertension. Considering the side effects of pharmaceuticals and long-term compliance issues with strict diets, such as the DASH (dietary approach to stopping hypertension) diet, if nutraceuticals were proven equally efficacious in blood pressure control to either one, they might offer an attractive alternative to integrative physicians and their patients. This paper reviews two pilot studies of a multiple ingredient green phytonutrient powdered drink mix (GPP) and a whey-based phytonutrient powder drink mix (WZP) in prehypertension and stage 1 hypertension. Results of these pilot studies demonstrate efficacy equal to or greater than the DASH diet and any one common blood pressure medication. The statistically significant results were true with GPP alone, WZP alone, and GPP plus WZP. These results add to a growing body of evidence which suggests that phytonutrient and zoonutrient nutraceuticals may have a place in the integrative management of Human Longevity: A New Paradigm Joseph C. Maroon, M.D.*; Jeff Bost PAC* This paper offers a brief introduction to the science of epigenetics, and explains how epigenetics can be used to promote health and longevity. 203Iodine Deficiency: A Public Health Crisis Chris D. Meletis, ND* Health policy over the last couple of decades has recommended that we decrease salting our food due to the risk of hypertension. The consequence of not using iodized salt and the increase in bromide, fluoride, and perchlorate ingestion has set the stage for premature death, cancer, lowered IQ, hormone imbalance, and even deafness. Identifying risks for halide toxicity, testing for iodine sufficiency, and looking at other global health policies that are killing, maiming, and prematurely aging North American and Westernized societies is a health mandate that must be addressed aggressively. The aim of this paper is to discuss iodine deficiency and its impact upon public Anti-Aging Therapeutics Volume XII - Contents & Article Summaries  How Sunshine May Reduce Cancer By 50% Joseph Mercola, D.O.* Vitamin D is one of the most cost effective and important health interventions at our disposal. Yet, vitamin D deficiency is pervasive in North America. This is concerning, as research continues to accumulate documenting the many benefits of vitamin D, such as reducing the risk of obesity, heart disease, osteoporosis, autoimmune disease (multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and type I diabetes), and lowering blood pressure. However, the most significant influence of vitamin D is likely related to its influence on cancer, with recent studies suggesting that one million people throughout the world die each year because of inadequate sun exposure, resulting in suboptimal vitamin D levels. The aim of this paper is to discuss the functions and benefits of vitamin D, and to determine the best way of preventing and treating vitamin D deficiency. Nutrigenomics: Nutrition and Genetics Kousalya V. Nathan, Ph.D.*** Nutritional science has found its place in the ‘omic’ sciences with the recent unraveling of extensive human genome studies. In the past few years technological advances leading to genotyping, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have become available to nutritional research. It is known that genetic variation and its expressions have enormous impact on degenerative and acquired diseases. Prevention is the ultimate aim of the clinical application of nutrigenomic advancements. Evolving biomedical research is increasing our understanding of disease processes that are related to nutrition and molecular genetics. The study of macromolecules important in biological inheritance and functional genomics has explored the mechanisms for inherited specific traits, expression, and variations in expression with regard to nutrition. Genome health depends on genome integrity. Macronutrients and micronutrients influence genome health. In view of recent advancements in nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics, development of gene-based designer diets for lifestyle disorders needs to be considered. This will help physicians promote lifestyle patterns along with nutrigenomics and pharmacogenomics (drug interaction) that would be compatible with the phenotypic expressions. The frontier field of nutrigenomics will lead to evidence-based dietary intervention applied towards disease prevention, health restoration, and management of chronic Anti-Aging Therapeutics Volume XII - Contents & Article Summaries  A Medical Model That Restores Optimal Function Sangeeta Pati, M.D., FACOG** The aim of this paper is to present a medical model which utilizes hormones, nutrition, detoxification, and mind and body balancing, to restore optimal function, eliminate inflammation, prevent disease, and stay young. This model has been used to treat insomnia, panic attacks, fibromyalgia, rheumatoid arthritis, and a variety of other Silver Sol Gel As A Broad-Spectrum Anti-Bacterial Agent Gordon Pedersen, Ph.D.*; Keith Moeller Silver Sol Gel appears to be one of the best and most broad spectrum antibacterial agents and has been proven to produce no resistance. Because Silver Sol Gel kills so quickly and completely (99.99900 %) without causing bacterial resistance, it could be successfully used everyday without creating the problems of mutation and resistance Swine Flu Influenza Type A/H1N1: Protection, Vaccination, and the Cytokine Storm Gordon Pedersen, Ph.D.** This paper will provide an overview of the current swine flu (A/H1N1) pandemic. Methods of prevention and treatment, and the problems surrounding vaccination and antiviral drugs will be considered. Parent Essential Fatty Acids, Oxygenation, and Cancer Prevention: A New Solution Brian Scott Peskin, BSEE* Data suggests that a critical 35% intermittent reduction in intracellular oxygen levels initiating cancer is linked to the incorporation of adulterated, non-oxygenating, or inappropriate polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically termed parent essential oils (PEOs), into the phospholipids of both cell and mitochondrial membranes. Such incorporation causes physiologic changes in membrane properties that impair oxygen transmission into the cell. Trans fats, partially oxidized PEO entities, and inappropriate physiologic “parent” omega-6: omega-3 ratios are all potential sources of unsaturated fatty acids that can disrupt the normal membrane structure. A solution to protect against cellular hypoxia; i.e., cancer’s prime cause is given. Anti-Aging Therapeutics Volume XII - Contents & Article Summaries  The Failure of Statins: A New Physiologic Solution to Cardiovascular Disease Brian Scott Peskin, BSEE*** The insight to prevention of cardiovascular disease lies in the pathophysiology of the cholesterol structure; in particular, the esterified adulterated parent omega-6 component. A simple, clinical Laser Assisted Lipolysis Agnieszka Protasewicz M.D., Ph.D. . Laser-assisted lipolysis is a technique for the removal of excess fatty tissue in those areas that are usually resistant to diet and physical exercise. This procedure can be used for treating areas that are typically unsuitable for traditional liposuction, or would need follow up procedures to tighten and lift the skin that was left as a result of liposuction. Laser-assisted lipolysis is the technique of choice for delicate body sculpturing not only in the submental region, but also for the treatment of gynecomastia, the abdominal region, flanks, and hips, and for smoothing asymmetry after liposuction. Laser-assisted lipolysis is a precise method, and its advantages include: excellent patient tolerance, quick recovery time, and skin tightening. Furthermore, it is safer and less traumatic than conventional liposuction. 275Melatonin and Vitamin D Ron Rothenberg, M.D.** This paper is concerned with melatonin and vitamin D. Melatonin is an important hormone and deficiency impacts sleep, the immune system, and cognitive function. This paper will explore the pathophysiology of melatonin, current scientific data on melatonin deficiency, and the use of melatonin from immune system to jet lag will be explored. Dosing options will be discussed. Vitamin D is also an important hormone. It serves to improve bone health and immune function. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of cancers, heart disease, diabetes, autoimmune disease, and multiple sclerosis. Treatment of vitamin D deficiency will reduce these risks Biochemical Foundations for Longevity C. Norman Shealy, M.D., Ph.D.* Although there are hundreds of essential neurochemicals and hormones, there are three that appear to be most critical – DHEA, calcitonin, and malondialdehyde (the byproduct of free radical damage). This paper discusses natural and safe approaches for rejuvenating the body’s ability to make DHEA and calcitonin, and to reduce free radicals, providing a foundation for increased health and Anti-Aging Therapeutics Volume XII - Contents & Article Summaries  Leptin Hormone Physiology and Pathology in Obesity Paul Ling Tai, D.P.M., FACFS, ABPS* This paper is concerned with the obesity epidemic. The impact of obesity on health is discussed, and reasons as to why obesity is the problem it is today are considered. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of the hormone leptin in the pathology of obesity. Beyond Weight Loss – Fat Burning Technologies Paul Ling Tai, D.P.M., FACFS, ABPS** Research shows that 7-Oxo DHEA (7-Oxo) is even more potent than its parent compound DHEA for stimulating enzymes of thermogenesis (burning calories), which increases the body’s metabolic efficiency. However, 7-Oxo does not convert to androgenic hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone. Studies have also demonstrated that 7-Oxo enhances the activity of three thermogenic enzymes that stimulate fatty acid oxidation in the liver, does not accumulate in the body over time, and is free of unhealthy side effects. Detoxification and Intracellular Nutrition in Anti-Aging Pramod Vora, BS* The aim of this paper is to introduce a non-invasive approach of servicing and repairing various organs of the body: changing body dimension (body sculpting); creating a glowing and healthy skin; removing dark spots and irregular pigmentation; even lightening the complexion by a few noticeable shades; and creating an almost permanent effect of youth and vitality. This is unmistakably perceived by the beholder and also experienced by the subject. These are pre- and post-treatment procedures that enhance surgical and dermatological treatments which form a part of mainstream medicine today. 319The Use of T3 and Herbal Medicine to Reset Body Temperature and Recalibrate Many Bodily Functions E. Denis Wilson, M.D.* Low thyroid function is characterized by low body temperatures. Body temperature is a very basic physiological parameter that can have a bearing on almost every bodily function as well as the body’s response to almost any form of medical treatment. When patients have low body temperatures they may not respond as expected to many conventional and alternative therapies. Wilson’s Temperature Syndrome (WTS), or Wilson’s Syndrome, is characterized by people with low thyroid symptoms and normal thyroid blood tests that respond well to treatment (liothyronine, herbal medicine) to normalize low body temperature. In this setting, patients often respond better to T3 alone than they do to medicines that also contain T4. When clinically hypothyroid and biochemically euthyroid patients are treated with cyclic T3 therapy their symptoms often remain improved even after the treatment has been discontinued, suggesting that their thyroid systems have been reset. The aim of this paper is to introduce WTS and to demonstrate how T3 and herbal medicine can reset body temperature and recalibrate many bodily functions. Anti-Aging Therapeutics Volume XII - Contents & Article Summaries  Vitality Weight Loss with HCG and HRT Brian G. Wolstein, D.C.***; David G. Wolstein, M.D. This paper discusses the difficulties facing people who want to lose weight and explains how human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) can A New Approach to Body Fat Reduction by Astaxanthin During Exercise Eiji Yamashita, Ph.D.* Astaxanthin is a naturally occurring carotenoid found in a wide variety of living organisms such as salmon, shrimp, crab, and red snapper. Based on the studies presented in this paper, it is suggested that astaxanthin supplementation might be a practical and beneficial approach for body fat reduction during exercise. We may call the approach “healthy weight management.” Eye Fatigue (Asthenopia) Relief by Astaxanthin Eiji Yamashita, Ph.D.*** Astaxanthin is a naturally occurring carotenoid in a wide variety of living organisms such as salmon, shrimp, crab, and red snapper. Approximately 90% of the astaxanthin in krill is found in the eye. Asthenopia, or eye fatigue, is an ophthalmological condition with nonspecific symptoms such as eye pain, eye strain, blurred vision, headache, and shoulder stiffness. Based on the studies presented in this paper, it is suggested that astaxanthin supplementation might be a practical and beneficial approach for eye fatigue relief. ANTI-AGING CLINICAL PROTOCOLS, 2010-2011
Agnieszka Protasewicz M.D., Ph.D. Anti-Aging Medicine & Regenerative Biomedical Technology News 2009 * Denotes speaker at Spring 2009 Session of the Annual World Congress on Anti-Aging Medicine & ** Denotes speaker at Summer 2009 Session; *** Denotes speaker at Winter 2009 Session.

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