Although none of the original manuscripts written
• Consistency of church ordinances (baptism,
by Moses or Paul or the other biblical writers have been
Lord’s supper) as practiced by the early church
preserved (no doubt providentially; otherwise they
prior to the circulation and collection of the New
might have become objects of worship), we can have
Testament books, with their initiation as described
full confidence in the integrity and canonicity of the
therein, can only be explained if the documents
text as transmitted to us. Some of the considerations
supporting this confidence are summarized below. Authenticity of the Old Testament Text Authenticity of the New Testament Text Logical Basis of Confidence in the Text
• Traditional authorship accepted by Christ (Luke
24:27; John 5:46–47; Matthew 24:15–21; etc.).
• Over 20,000 hand-copied manuscripts of the
• Included 320 direct quotations from the Old Tes-
Greek text are in existence, far more than for any
other documents of comparable [age].
• Confirmation in the New Testament of supernat-
• Some papyrus fragments, especially of John,
ural events recorded in the Old Testament (Mat-
are preserved from the middle of the second
thew 19:4–5; Luke 17:26; John 6:32; Matthew
• Although there are some differences in the pre-
served manuscripts, there is no doubt that at least
95% of the text is intact [whole and undamaged]
• Over 1,000 hand-copied manuscripts of the Mas-
• The complete text of all New Testament books was
available to those who lived at the same time as the
• Meticulous study and compilation of all earlier
apostles, and they were satisfied with it.
• In particular, the portrait of Christ as given in the
• Extremely careful copying and cross-checking by
New Testament was accepted as authentic (accu-
rate and true) by the earliest Christians.
• Completion of writing and editing about the time
• The conclusion is that the New Testament as we
of Ezra, with probably the first Old Testament
now have it is substantially identical with the orig-
• Careful preservation and transmission from still
Indirect Confirmation of Old Testament Text
• Hundreds of quotations are included in the
writings of the early church fathers, probably
• Other ancient versions (Septuagint, Vulgate, Syr-
adequate to construct the entire New Testa-
• Dead Sea Scrolls (containing most or all of Old
• Accuracy of most New Testament historical and
geographical references has been confirmed by
• Acceptance by Jews and early Christians.
archaeological and historical research, and no
• Old Testament quotations in pre-Christian
such reference has been found in error.
• The New Testament books were originally written
in Koine Greek, the common language of the New
- High culture, writing skills, etc., long before
Testament era, rather than classical Greek. Demolishing Strongholds Copyright 2007 Answers in Genesis. Copy permission for student handouts granted.
- Geographical and historical accuracy.
original writings. Furthermore, the most difficult
- Superiority of biblical records to the ethnic
part to believe in the Old Testament (the Creation
and the Flood) is supported by all true science, and
• Witness of Passover to Mosaic authorship.
the most difficult to believe in the New Testament
• Claims of writers; universal acceptance by Jews.
(the bodily resurrection of Christ) is confirmed by
The biblical text as we have it is authentic,
*Taken from Henry Morris, The New Defender’s Study
confirmed wherever it can be tested. Completely
Bible, World Publishing, Inc., 2006, pp. 2062–2063.
separate from the question of divine inspiration,
the text has been accurately transmitted from the
Demolishing Strongholds Copyright 2007 Answers in Genesis. Copy permission for student handouts granted.
Digging deeper into God’s Word is a surefire way to grow closer to Him and to mature in your Christian
walk. Try to locate a Strong’s Concordance (parent, pastor, church library, etc.) or if you have Internet access, you
can log onto www.crosswalk.com and save it to your Favorites for future use. This link gives you access to Strong’s
Concordance, Greek and Hebrew lexicons, Bible Dictionaries, Encyclopedias, and a few other resources that can
be excellent tools for deep Bible Study.
Read 2 Timothy 3 to get the context (setting) for 2 Timothy 3:16, then look up the key words for 2 Timothy
3:16 in Strong’s Concordance. Look at the number (usually 3 or 4 digits) to the right of the 2 Timothy reference
and jot it down beside the word it goes with below. Then look up the Strong’s number at the back of the con-
cordance or in a Greek dictionary. On the lines below, write down the Greek word and the italicized definition
Inspiration:
______________________________________________________________________________________
Profitable:
______________________________________________________________________________________
Doctrine:
______________________________________________________________________________________
Reproof:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Correction:
______________________________________________________________________________________
Instruction:
______________________________________________________________________________________
Perfect:
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Now tie it all together. Rewrite 2 Timothy 3:16 in your own words as you understand it now.
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Demolishing Strongholds Copyright 2007 Answers in Genesis. Copy permission for student handouts granted.
Antibiotic Residues - A Global Health Hazard Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyCollege of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookot, Wayanad, Kerala -673576 Abstract Use of Antibiotic that might result in deposition of residues in meat, milk and eggs must not be permitted in food intended for human consumption. If use of antibiotics is necessary as in prevention and treatment of animal
Textilhogskolan, Bryggaregatan 17, 50190 Boras, Sweden Mika Satomi is currently a researcher at The Smart Textile Design Lab at The Swedish School of Textiles (Textilehögskolan) in Borås, Sweden. She holds BA in graphic design from Tokyo Zokei University, and MA in media creation from IAMAS, Japan. She has been a research fellow at the Distance Lab Scotland in 2009. Since 2006 Mika has c